Medicines are special commodities and fall under essential goods. Subsequently, a dire situation may arise if they go out of stock affecting patients due to nonavailability of the much-needed dosage. Non-availability of the prescribed medicines for the patients poses health risk. Hence, in the pharma industry inventory management is a crucial process that guarantees availability…

Quality is crucial in manufacturing. The customers rightfully expect that the medications, food stuff, or cosmeceuticals they use must be of good quality, reliable, effective, and devoid of probable hazards. This is where the importance of (GMP) Good Manufacturing Practices appears. GMP are guidelines and principles pertaining to quality assurance and designed in such a…

The production of pharmaceutical products is based on the foundation of 4M principals —Man, Machine, Material, and Method. The 4M principles involve the central theme of Good Manufacturing practices (GMP). These principles form a thorough context addressing the process of manufacturing’s every key aspect. By concentrating on the expertise and training of personnel (Man), the…

Certain pharmaceutical dosage forms need to be supplied as Sterile products. The term Sterile denotes freedom from any viable microorganism. Viable microorganisms are germs that are not visible to the naked eye but can be viewed under a microscope; these can cause infections.  Therefore, products, such as injections, eye drops, and saline solutions, are designed…

In pharmacovigilance product complaints pertain to the warnings or reports received by regulatory agencies, pharmaceutical manufacturers, or healthcare specialists concerning any issues, or problems connected with the quality, safety, efficacy, or usage of a medicine. Different sources are a reason for the arising of these complaints such as patients, providers of healthcare, pharmacists, or even…

Adverse reactions following medical treatments are frequent and known. Physicians prefer the term 'adverse reaction' over 'side effect' because the latter suggests effects beyond pharmacological actions. Studies indicate that 5% to 30% of patients experience adverse events that are unpleasant experiences reported by the patients and not necessarily due to a specific medicine. Therefore, understanding…

Healthcare management requires several different types of product range of which medical instruments and consumables are very important. These products are typically designed and manufactured in a clean environment to minimize contamination from viable organisms. These products are often intended for procedures or situations where the risk of infection is low. Common types of non-sterilized…

Oral dosage forms are pharmaceutical formulations designed for administration by mouth, offering various options to cater to different age groups and patient needs and drug properties. Tablets are solid, compressed forms containing active ingredients and excipients, ideal for precise dosing and stability. Capsules encase the drug in a gelatin or non-gelatin shell, facilitating easier swallowing…

Every pharmaceutical product needs to be free from viable bacteria, yeast and fungi. The principles of GMP therefore mandate manufacturing hubs to be clean and free from such contaminants.  The clean room concept is based on maintaining high hygiene areas that are free from such contaminants. Topical and external application preparations do not require to…

The World Health Organization (WHO) maintains a database globally called the "WHO Global Individual Case Safety Reports (ICSRs) Database," also identified as "VigiBase." This is principally a repository for data on pharmacovigilance. A pivotal role is played by the WHO repository in global clinical trials and as well as on all the marketed pharmaceutical products.…